1497 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Proximal tubule Bartter ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... Syndrome #Fanconi #Bartter ... #Gitelman #Localization
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman ... syndrome from Bartter ... krithicism #Gitelman ... #syndrome #Bartter
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... causes #potassium #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter ... syndrome and Gitelman ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Pocket Comparison Guide to Heritable Hypertension Syndromes (Secondary Hypertension)

Bartter, Gitelman, Liddle, Primary Aldosteronism, 
GRA (Glucocorticoid Remediable
Hypertension) Bartter ... , Gitelman, Liddle
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
EABV, Low Plasma ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman