9 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... disease Renal ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #nephrology #renal
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... restrictive lung disease ... #Summary #Nephrology ... #Base #Gas #VBG
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
or acute kidney injury ... , Cushing's syndrome ... White-coat syndrome ... Neurologic disorders ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... • Liddle syndrome ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Asian countries (1 case ... post-sarcoidosis fatigue syndrome ... Specific sarcoidosis syndromes ... symptoms) • Löfgren syndrome ... • Heerfordt syndrome
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Vasculitis - Skin, glomeruli ... : - Kidneys: glomerular ... Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... VASCULITIS: • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
and renal abnormalities ... • Kidneys: Non-glomerular ... Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... vasculitis • Behcet syndrome ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome