11 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... disease Renal ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #nephrology #renal
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndrome Definition ... sclerosis • Anti-Glomerular ... #Renal #Syndrome ... #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... - Small vessel vasculitis ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... #nephrology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- Skin, glomeruli ... : - Kidneys: glomerular ... Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... : • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Syndromes - OnePager ... Renal Syndromes ... injury), Coags ... hypercellular glomeruli ... #Renal #Syndromes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
or acute kidney injury ... Hypercalcemia, Cushing's syndrome ... White-coat syndrome ... Neurologic disorders ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
and renal abnormalities ... • Kidneys: Non-glomerular ... Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... • Behcet syndrome ... • Cogan syndrome
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... • Liddle syndrome ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... restrictive lung disease ... #Summary #Nephrology