15 results
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
• Endogenous reactivation ... characteristic features Clinical ... Tuberculin skin test ... Active TB: • ... Inhibitor: • Risk of reactivation
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
• Endogenous reactivation ... characteristic features Clinical ... Tuberculin skin test ... Active TB: • ... Inhibitor: • Risk of reactivation
Tuberculosis Testing

LATENT TB
• LTBI is diagnosed when an asymptomatic patient has a positive TST or IGRA
Testing LATENT TB ... result with no clinical ... decrease the risk for reactivation ... IGRA/QuantiFERON-TB ... Diagnosis #Workup #TB
Clarke's Test (Patellar Grind Test)

Indicates Patellofemoral dysfunction.
 - Patient with knee in extension. Push posterior on
Clarke's Test (Patellar ... Grind Test) ... Patellofemoral dysfunction ... patient to perform active ... Patellar #Grind #clinical
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
• Excessive activation ... Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... Herpes zoster, West ... , Hep A/B/CMV, TB
Primairy TB is usually clinically silent.
In 5% of infected individuals the immunity is inadequate and clinically
clinically silent ... inadequate and clinically ... active disease ... reactivation of ... #Clinical #Radiology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation ... fever syndromes Clinical ... Fever is the main clinical ... nervous system (CNS) dysfunction ... Liver function tests
IDSA Recommendations for Treating Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in HIV-AIDS
Treating LTBI (to prevent TB disease)
Indications:
(+) screening test ... no evidence of active ... treatment for active ... regardless of screening test ... HIV-infected persons with clinical
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
: Overwhelming clinical ... excessive macrophage activation ... genetic immune dysfunction ... absent NK cell activity
SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK

DEFINITION AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 • Sepsis: Life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host
Life-threatening organ dysfunction ... cytokines, complement activation ... CLINICAL RECOGNITION ... CLINICAL FEATURES ... and molecular tests