8 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
chromosome 21) Signs ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... Severe injury/dysfunction ... • Gag reflex ... • Cough reflex ... • Examine for signs
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Upper Extremity Dysfunction ... deficiencies -> Sphincter dysfunction ... bladder and rectal reflex ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... of normal leg reflexes ... bladder/bowel dysfunction ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... Brudzinski's sign ... While the pathophysiology ... an involuntary reflex ... #PhysicalExam #Pediatrics
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
bowel or bladder dysfunction ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Spasticity - Reflexes ... Autonomic Dysfunction ... • Bilateral signs
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
• Symptoms and signs ... Bowel and bladder dysfunction ... • Abnormal reflexes ... differential #algorithm
Pathogenesis of Select Causes of Constipation in Adults and in Elderly

 • Mechanical (ex. Bowel Obstruction,
CNS neurons -> Dysfunction ... sphincter fail to relax ... #constipation #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics