11 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... salt wasting By ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
- 1° HPT - 1° Renal ... PO4 wasting: Hereditary ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... consumption • Low ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Cerebral salt wasting ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... diagnosis #sodium #low ... #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Mg wasting syndromes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Performance thorough ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Orthopedic • Low ... surgery Stress Testing ... preoperative stress testing
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm ... values suggest renal ... K wasting. ... #TTKG #nephrology ... #low #potassium