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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• Pleuritic chest ... Lymphadenopathy, Chest ... breath, Fatigue, Chest ... : • Chest pain ... fever, cough and cavitary
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
Dyspnea (underlying lung ... disease or CHF) ... lymadenopathy, clubbing, chest ... ) • Abnormal CXR ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Radiologists use many terms to describe areas of decreased density or lucencies within the lung, like
since in many cases ... we describe a chest ... visible wall #CXR ... #Lucency #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Radiology
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
On the chest x-ray ... weight loss or long ... caused by Streptcoccus ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #AirBronchogram
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... disease: Pleuritic chest ... Blood cultures • CXR ... level seen • Chest ... treatment until the chest
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
Redistribution In a normal chest ... non-perfused vessels and causes ... redistribution applies to chest ... practice many chest ... #CXR #CHF #Cephalization
Differential diagnosis on HRCT
Most of our knowledge about imaging findings in interstitial lung disease comes from
Differential diagnosis ... in interstitial lung ... On a Chest X-Ray ... is interstitial lung ... detected on a chest
Miliary Pattern - Chest Radiology
 • Miliary opacities are scattered, small (1 -4 mm) nodules
 •
Miliary Pattern - Chest ... throughout the lungs ... rarely typical pneumonia ... Miliary #Pattern #Chest ... #Radiology #differential
Empyema Necessitans (EN) on Chest POCUS

Pulmonary teaching case: you are called to the bedside of a
Necessitans (EN) on Chest ... teaching case: ... was admitted for pneumonia ... chest is PULSATING ... #Lung
Cavitation - Pneumonia
In virulent pyogenic infections an abscess may form within the consolidated lung as a
the consolidated lung ... be seen on the chest ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CTChest # ... Cavity #Pneumonia