24 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... and lymphomas, IV ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
be treated with IV ... differentiating kidney K wasting ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Demyelinating Disease ... (MS), Epidural ... heavy metals), Critical ... Weakness #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... , HIV serology, ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... excretion of Cl > 0.5% Clinical ... dominant kidney disease ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... potassium #high #nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
pachymeningitis • HIV ... MRI lesions and clinical ... #neurology #noninflammatory ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... potassium #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Diagnosis Framework ... Infection - Viral (HIV ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... of underlying disease ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... hypertension and signs ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renal bruit or signs ... Renal parenchymal disease