12 results
diagnosis differential nephrology potassium hyperkalemia high hypokalemia algorithm clinical metabolic ophthalmology abg acid acidbase alkalosis aniongap base bloodgas central classification
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Vein Occlusion (CRVO ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... Ophthalmology #Fundoscopy
Cotton Wool Spots Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... axoplasm into retina ... hypertension, diabetes ... , HIV, severe anemia ... CottonWool #Spots #fundoscopy
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Calcineurin inhibitors IV ... Cation exchange resins ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... #nephrology #potassium
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 2.
glycol (present in IV ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... ) Causes of Normal ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
be treated with IV ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... loop diuretic ± ... loop diuretic ( ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... Renal tubular acidosis ... and lymphomas, IV ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • SLE • Type IV ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
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