10 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Diagnosis: MRI ... : • Increased CSF ... signal intensity on T2 ... : The clinical ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
bilateral & symmetric T2 ... DWI+ in acute disease ... Leigh #Syndrome #Clinical ... #MRI #Brain #Diagnosis ... #Radiology
McDonald Criteria for Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
 • 2 or more attacks, 2 or more lesions
- One year of disease ... in space in the brain ... based on 2 or more T2 ... - Positive CSF ... Sclerosis #MS #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... • Infectious causes ... brain and/or optic ... simplex virus, HIV ... #management #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... lesions and clinical ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... may precede the neurologic ... Shock, Autoimmune disease ... Increased signal on T2 ... the underlying cause
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... should be based on clinical ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease ... caused by the JC
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Presentation: - Disease ... - Causes progressive ... course of the disease ... MRI: Brain, cervical ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Cryptococcal meningitis on T2 MRI
30 M from sub-Saharan Africa presents w/ progressive Headache x1 mo, +neck
meningitis on T2 ... Diagnosis? ... University Infectious Diseases ... #MRI #Brain #clinical ... #radiology
Authors: Mark M. Ramzy, DO, EMT-P (@MarkRamzyDO, EM Resident Physician, Drexel University, Department of Emergency Medicine)
x-ray (CXR), try ... pattern that your brain ... , and his oxygen ... Most commonly caused ... #Radiology #CTChest