14 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... protein ≥ 2.5 g/dL: Heart ... failure/constrictive ... syndrome SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... albumin #gradient #hepatology
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... - Hepatic: • Cirrhosis ... • Primary biliary ... Post-Hepatic: • Heart ... #Hepatology #causes
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Ascites - Differential ... 10% Congestive heart ... failure - 3-5% ... , Pancreatic, Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Congestive • Right Heart ... Failure • Budd-Chiari ... Biliary Cirrhosis ... #Causes #Hepatology
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
congenital - Primary ... biliary cirrhosis ... failure (chronic ... #Differential #Hepatology ... #Cirrhosis #Causes
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
The most common causes ... and heart failure ... more than one cause ... concentration (bowel or biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
including R heart ... failure and constrictive ... pregnancy • Primary ... biliary cirrhosis ... #hepatology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intestine - Other causes ... - Drugs - Primary ... biliary Cholangitis ... #hepatology
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... congestionl - Heart ... disease - Cirrhosis ... carcinomatosis - Primary ... #differential #hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... /Liver failure ... PBC Labs: • Alkaline ... #Biliary #Cirrhosis ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology