50 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Right to Left Shunt ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Right to Left Shunt ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome on Echocardiogram (A4C)
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome: Intrapulmonary shunting is most commonly demonstrated by contrast TTE when
Echocardiogram (A4C ... visualized in the left atrium ... with intracardiac shunt ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #bubble #shunting
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
- Differential Diagnosis ... VIQ mismatch and shunt ... embolus SHUNT ... shunting (eg, atrial ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
- Differential Diagnosis ... Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Arteriosus • Atrial ... Total Anomalous Pulmonary ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis ... Right-to-Left Shunt ... (↑Shunting), ↓Perfusion ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #pulmonary
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Pericardial • Effusion ... Arrhythmia • Atrial ... Abnormalities • Pleural Effusions ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Pulmonary Artery Catheter Pressures
Normal: RA 0-8, RV 15-25/0-8, Mean PAP <25, PCWP 8-12, Cardiac Index 2.6-4.2
HFrEF,
Pulmonary Artery ... Arterial HTN Pulmonic ... Left-to-Right Shunt ... Right-to-Left Shunt ... Hemodynamics #Cardiology #diagnosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
1) or anatomic shunt ... cycles after right atrial ... blood gas (ABC) ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... scanning or pulmonary
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Gradient #alveolar #arterial ... #differential #diagnosis
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Bronchospasm, Pulmonary ... Alkalosis • Shunt ... Hemorrhage • Impaired Diffusion ... #Differential #Diagnosis