1157 results
Pulmonary Artery Catheter Pressures
Normal: RA 0-8, RV 15-25/0-8, Mean PAP <25, PCWP 8-12, Cardiac Index 2.6-4.2
HFrEF,
Pulmonary Artery ... decompensated Pulmonary ... Left-to-Right Shunt ... Right-to-Left Shunt ... @ucsdim #PA #Pulmonary
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
lung disease • Pulmonary ... Right to Left Shunt ... Septal Defect Pulmonary ... Right to Left Shunt ... Algorithm #Causes #Pulmonary
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Right to Left Shunt ... - Anatomic Shunt ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... - Physiologic Shunt ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary ... Bronchospasm, Pulmonary ... Alkalosis • Shunt ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
cava syndrome • Shunt ... Chronic obstructive pulmonary ... Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... Vasculature: • Pulmonary ... embolism • Pulmonary
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
Left-to-Right Shunt ... Total Anomalous Pulmonary ... Right-to-Left Shunt
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
What?
 • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain
 • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI
 •
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ... neudrawlogy #Tolosa #Hunt
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Right-to-Left Shunt ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
VIQ mismatch and shunt ... lung diseases, pulmonary ... asthma, COPD, pulmonary ... embolus SHUNT ... shunting (eg, pulmonary
Checklist for the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension
 • Record estimated PASP
 • Evaluate RV size
Evaluation of Pulmonary ... heart disease, shunt ... Shah @HFpEF #Pulmonary