11 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Diuretic phase ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Magnesium #Table
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... • Hypomagnesemia ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , Acute leukemia ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... contracted • Loop diuretics ... • Thiazide diuretics ... #Hypokalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
after starvation, Acute ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... • Hypocalcemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... pressure Labs: • Hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... pathophysiology #Hypokalemia
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... in evaluating hypokalemia ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... @krithicism #Hypokalemia