416 results
Causes and Pathophysiology of Hypertension

#Causes #Pathophysiology #Hypertension #Primary #Essential #Secondary #Differential

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Guyton and
Causes and Pathophysiology ... of Hypertension ... #Causes #Pathophysiology ... #Hypertension #
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... Hypertension. t ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... based on repeat clinic ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome ... • Budd-Chiari syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Hepatology #causes
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... of Hypertension ... Other Endocrine causes ... low renin HTN causes ... #Hypertension #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... Hypercalcemia, Cushing's syndrome ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
• Serotonin Syndrome ... Hyperactivity: Hypertension ... SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome ... Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ... Purple #Urine #Bag #Syndrome ... #PUBS #pathophysiology ... #clinical #photo
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Hypertension and ... Diagnosis Framework Hypertension ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... the existence of hypertension ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes