719 results
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Congenital Adrenal ... Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase ... resistance • Adrenal ... Reproductive: Gonadal hypofunction ... #Hyperplasia #Hydroxylase
Cushing Syndrome Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Suspected Cushing syndrome (central obesity, muscle weakness, refractory hypertension)
Testing:
Hormone • MRI of adrenal ... endocrinology #Adrenal ... #Hyperfunction
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... Damage of the adrenal ... Autoimmune: + 21-Hydroxylase ... ACTH - + 21-hydroxylase ... HYDROCORTISONE #Primary #adrenal
Anosmia / Smell Dysfunction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Nasal Obstruction/ URTI:
 • Septal Deviation
 • Allergic Rhinitis
Diabetes Mellitus • Adrenal ... Hypofunction ... • Adrenal Hyperfunction
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Pseudoephedrine • Primary Renal ... Syndrome, 11B hydroxylase ... def, 17alpha hydroxylase
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Adrenal ... syndrome, 11beta-hydroxylase ... deficiency, 17alpha-hydroxylase
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
diuretics after renal ... of congenital adrenal ... hyperplasia: 11-ß hydroxylase ... deficiency, 17-a hydroxylase ... generally indicates a renal
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... 21-OHD in the adrenal ... as "congenital adrenal
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... • Congenital adrenal ... Addison's/congenital adrenal ... high: • Post-renal
Medications associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome

First-generation and second-generation antipsychotics are dopamine receptor antagonists, which produce a
of dopaminergic hypofunction