7 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Proximal and distal RTA ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Proximal RTA (type ... Distal (classic) RTA ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
- Metabolic acidosis ... : Proximal RTA, ... Distal RTA, DKA ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Metabolic acidosis ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... #differential # ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Metabolic acidosis ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... #differential # ... #high #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Loss of sodium/Potassium ... → Syncope • Signs ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... (RTA)) • Refeeding ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology