32 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... #Differential # ... Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... - Medications (e.g ... renal diseases (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
AV block 1º - long ... 200ms from longer pause ... bradyarrhythmia #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis ... #differential
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Malignancy (e.g ... carcinoma of the lung ... CNS pathology (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Bradyarrhythmias • Sinus bradycardia ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis 
 • Cardiac disease: Myocardial ischemia / infarction, Myocarditis, Congenital disorders, Cardiomyopathies,
Bradycardia - Differential ... . hyperkalemia) ... Physiological causes ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #cardiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
- Congenital (e.g ... HHT), Acquired (e.g ... Vasodilation Lung ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
• They must be able ... production to cause ... Contraindications: - Bradycardia ... arrythmias Diagnostics: EKG ... Stress #Testing #cardiology
Pulmonary Embolism on ECG 

Mid 30's female with chest pain/dyspnea.  Triage EKG (no prior).
Pulmonary Embolism on ECG ... Triage EKG (no prior ... Differential/diagnosis ... See thread for POCUS ... Pulmonary #Embolism #ECG