26 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
, Differential Diagnosis ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... deficit - Salt-losing ... #Table #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Differential Diagnosis ... testing: anti-ANCA ab ... , anti-GBM ab, ANA ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... acetaminophen dosing ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Protein-losing ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... • Post-CABG ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Red:
 - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria
 - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
- Differential Diagnosis ... jaundice, Familial Hypercalcemia ... - Purple urine bag ... syndrome (chronically ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... Clenching of fist during ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... potassium #high #nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... recessive salt-losing ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... Clenching of fist during ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... potassium #high #nephrology