12 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... recessive salt-losing ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Clenching of fist during ... phlebotomy High ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Clenching of fist during ... phlebotomy High ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
diuresis can be high ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Epidemiology 1) High ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... acute sarcoidosis Pulmonary
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary
Indications (AIEOU):
 • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
derangements (hyperkalemia ... , hypercalcemia, ... Fluid Overload (pulmonary ... High clearance achieved ... RRT #managment #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
0.8 Normal + High ... acetaminophen dosing ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
downsloping - Coving ... QRS complex Pulmonary ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... no P waves • Hypercalcemia ... • Short QT, high
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemic salt-losing ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia