196 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Atelectasis Central Hypoventilation ... • Obesity Hypoventilation ... Abnormalities #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #Differential
CAPNOGRAPHY 
Provides a measure of ventilation – or concentration of CO2 exhaled air (aka end tidal
Apnea or hypoventilation ... oxygen deficiency (hypoxia ... detect Apnea or hypoventilation ... #curarecleft #hypoventilation ... #hyperventilation
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Atmospheric pressure • Hypoventilation ... MatthewHoMD #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #Differential
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia ... shallow breathing - Hypoventilation ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #differential
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Acute Hypoxemia ... Hemorrhage • Hypoventilation ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Hypoxemia ... #hypoxia #Differential
Medications for High-Altitude Sickness 
Acetazolarnide 
 • Carbonic Anydrase Inhibitor Bicarb diuresis & metabolic Acidosis ->
> compensatory hyperventilation ... • Improves hypoxemia ... • Improves hypoxemia
Differential Diagnosis of Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
Alkalosis
A. Central nervous system stimulation: Pain, Anxiety, psychosis, Fever, Cerebrovascular accident,
Hypoxemia or tissue ... hypoxia: High altitude ... failure, Mechanical hyperventilation ... Miscellaneous: Obesity, Hypoventilation
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Gradient • Alveolar Hypoventilation ... Center, Obesity Hypoventilation ... arterial #pulmonary #Hypoxia ... #hypoxemia #differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Mount Everest) HYPOVENTILATION ... sedatives, obesity-hypoventilation ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... Respiratory #Failure #hypoxia
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
alkalosis: - Hyperventilation ... , pain, fever, hypoxia ... with associated hypoxia ... Asthma, Obesity hypoventilation