132 results
Table of Breathing Patterns and Their Associated Conditions
Apnea
Biot's respirations
Bradypnea
Cheyne-Stokes respirations	
Hyperpnea
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
Kussmaul respirations
Orthopnea
Paradoxic ventilation
Sighing respirations
Tachypnea
Hoover's sign

#Breathing #Patterns #Diagnosis
respirations Hyperpnea Hyperventilation ... Hypoventilation ... Patterns #Diagnosis #Pulmonary
Capnography Waveforms
Sudden loss of waveform
 • ET tube disconnected, dislodged, kinked or obstructec
 • Loss of
Asthma • COPD Hypoventilation ... Hyperventilation ... #EndTidalCO2 #pulmonary
Hyperventilation Test to Induce an Absence Seizure

#Hyperventilation #Test #Absence #Seizure #clinical #video #physicalexam #neurology #PetiteMal
Hyperventilation ... Absence Seizure #Hyperventilation ... Seizure #clinical #video
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
lung disease • Pulmonary ... Septal Defect Pulmonary ... Atelectasis Central Hypoventilation ... • Obesity Hypoventilation ... Algorithm #Causes #Pulmonary
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations on Physical Exam
Cheyne-Stokes is a type of breathing disorder characterized by cyclical episodes of
or hypopnea and hyperventilation ... Breathing #clinical #video ... #pulmonary #Respiratory
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary ... Bronchospasm, Pulmonary ... Hemorrhage • Hypoventilation ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary
Medications for High-Altitude Sickness 
Acetazolarnide 
 • Carbonic Anydrase Inhibitor Bicarb diuresis & metabolic Acidosis ->
> compensatory hyperventilation ... • Decreases pulmonary
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Gradient • Alveolar Hypoventilation ... Center, Obesity Hypoventilation ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary ... Pneumonia • Pulmonary ... Vasculature: • Pulmonary ... embolism • Pulmonary ... Extrapulmonary hypoventilation
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Atmospheric pressure • Hypoventilation ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary