82 results
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
• Gilbert's Syndrome ... Crigler-Najjar Syndromes ... - Usually has Duct ... Duct Compression ... Algorithm #Causes #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
— Normal Bile Ducts ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... • Common Bile Duct ... Stone • Biliary ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis (PBC) ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis ... #Cirrhosis #PBC ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Cholestatic Liver Disease: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

#pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology #comparison
Disease: Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis vs Primary ... pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Dysfunction - Biliary ... hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis ... cirrhosis, sepsis ... duct, sclerosing ... pressure on bile duct
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... cirrhosis - α1 ... disease (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... #Differential #Hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... gradual loss of bile ducts ... #Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology ... #hepatology
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
liver disease (cirrhosis ... failure - 3-5% Cirrhosis ... Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... Late Budd-Chiari syndrome ... SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... leak, Nephrotic syndrome ... albumin #gradient #hepatology
 End Stage Liver Disease (Cirrhosis) - Complications 
 • Ascites
 • Esophageal Varices
 • Hepatic
Liver Disease (Cirrhosis ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... • Hepatorenal Syndrom ... #ESLD #Liver #Cirrhosis ... management #summary #hepatology