14 results
Sulfonylureas - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Binds to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in pancreatic beta cells,
: Weight gain, Hypoglycemia ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2 ... #diabetes #endocrinology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Does not cause hypoglycemia ... mL/minute/1.73 rm2 ... mL/minute/1.73 m2 ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2 ... #diabetes #endocrinology
Gowers' Sign on Physical Exam

Seen in this patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

#Gowers #Sign #PhysicalExam #neurology
Gowers' Sign on ... muscular dystrophy (DMD ... ) #Gowers #Sign ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... muscular #dystrophy #DMD
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
deficit: - Type I DM ... produced - Type II DM ... food binges, etc Hyperglycemia ... pathophysiology #comparison #endocrinology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
drugs, uremia, hypoglycemia ... , hyperglycemia, ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
minimal chance of hypoglycemia ... Management #Diabetes #DM2 ... #Endocrinology
GLP-1 Agonists

Adlyxin (Lixisenatide) Daily
Bydureon (Exenatide ER) Weekly 
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Weekly 
Trulicity (Dulaglutide) Weekly 
Victoza (Liraglutide) Daily
a low risk of hypoglycemia ... Dosing #Diabetes #DM2 ... #Endocrinology
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
Woltman’s sign on ... Woltman’s sign, ... #Woltmans #Signs ... Clinical #Video #Neurology ... #Endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Hyperkalemia, Hypoglycemia ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
polyneuropathy: DM ... Mononeuritis multiplex (DM ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... Metabolic myopathies: Hypoglycemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology