56 results
“H’s & T’s“ - The reversible causes of Cardiac Arrest 
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia/Hypoxemia, Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis),
The reversible causes ... Cardiac Arrest Hypovolemia ... Excess (Acidosis), Hypokalemia ... /Hyperkalemia, Hypothermia ... diagnosis #arrest #management
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia ... #Treatment #Management ... #Diagnosis #ECG ... #EKG
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Emergency Management ... of Hyperkalemia ... clinical scenario, ECG ... of hyperkalaemia ... recurrence #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia management algorithm 2023-2024 based on UKKA and KDIGO guidelines.

#hyperkalemia #electrolytes #algorithm #emergency #management

Notes:

(1) Up to
Hyperkalemia management ... #hyperkalemia #electrolytes ... Up to half of hyperkalemia ... patients with extreme hyperkalemia ... for refractory hyperkalemia
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... in conduction causes ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #EKG #ECG #Changes
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
the Treatment of Hyperkalemia ... redistributive hyperkalemia ... , severe hyperkalemia ... of hyperkalemia ... #Hyperkalemia #
BRASH Syndrome

B - Bradycardia
R - Renal failure
A - AV nodal blockade
S - Shock
H - Hyperkalemia

Typical ECG
S - Shock H - Hyperkalemia ... Typical ECG ... other findings of hyperkalemia ... Aggressive treatment of hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Cation Related (e.g ... Anticholinergic (e.g ... Hypothyroidism • Hypokalemia ... • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Medications (e.g ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... renal diseases (e.g ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes