6 results
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... #pharmacology # ... effects
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Normal/low ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... #differential #
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
intracellular calcium causes ... high potassium levels ... ) is a side effect ... (or low potassium ... levels stay within normal
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... • Seizures • Rhabdomyolysis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... diuresis can be high ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology