22 results
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Thiamine (B1) Deficiency ... Clinical Diagnosis ... abnormalities (eg nystagmus ... dysfunction - Dietary deficiency ... #Thiamine #B1 #Deficiency
Elliptocyte - 
Note the shape of these appropriately named erythrocytes.
In addition to hereditary elliptocytosis, elliptocytes can
megaloblastic anemia ... myelophthisic anemia ... and severe iron deficiency ... anemia. ... #Clinical #Path
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Bite cells: G6PD deficiency ... interpretation #clinical ... #anemia
Here is another peripheral blood smear demonstrating changes with iron deficiency anemia. Note the increased zone
changes with iron deficiency ... anemia. ... #Clinical #Path ... PeripheralBloodSmear #BloodSmear #Anemia
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... E - Haemolytic anaemia ... Vitamin B12 - Anaemia ... #Vitamins #Deficiency
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome Clinical ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... Worsening macrocytic anemia ... wt loss • If anemia ... B12 #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency ... Framework and Clinical ... Causes of Thiamine Deficiency ... production • Deficiency ... condition: - Nystagmus
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
fatigue despite clinical ... , Anemia • Prevalence ... Crohn's > UC Anemia ... restricted diet/deficiency