13 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis of Macroscopic ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #EM #IM #Urology ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... clinical context and signs ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
injury, Early ALS ... Eclampsia, Late ALS ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... Autoimmune (SLE/APLS ... Blood cultures/serology ... Blood cultures/serology ... #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... Diagnosis Approach ... renal bruit or signs ... #causes #Differential
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... Rash - Differential ... Schonlein Purpura - Endocarditis ... deficiency Work ... blood test • Serology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
but important causes ... BCNIE Diagnostic ... factors: - Serology ... specific pathogens also ... #diagnosis #differential
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... of UMN and LMN signs ... Escorial criteria uses ... conditions listed in differential ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Bacterial Meningitis - Differential ... Acute meningeal signs ... culture or by serology ... /l is regarded as ... #diagnosis #neurology
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
life-threatening Differential ... Generalized fatigue - ALS ... test - Cogan sign ... - Peek sign ... #management #neurology