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diagnosis causes metabolic algorithm alkalosis hyperkalemia hypokalemia treatment elevation gitelman high k lactate lactic nagma nonaniongap normal pathophysiology rhabdomyolysis syndrome
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Urine chloride is ... , a high urine chloride ... of sodium and potassium ... #nephrology #differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup NAGMA - Chem, ABG or VBG - Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... (NAGMA) - Differential ... Chloride Intoxication ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... other • Severe potassium ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #management #pathophysiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Framework and Management ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... lysis) ± Urine ... ) • Low K diet ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... excretion (e.g., urine ... liver or renal injury ... LV failure - Low ... #typea #typeb #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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