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diagnosis causes hypokalemia algorithm hyperkalemia management metabolic chloride elevation gitelman high k lactate lactic pathophysiology syndrome table treatment typea typeb
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Renal tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
- Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... lysis) ± Urine ... ) • Low K diet ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... excretion (e.g., urine ... liver or renal injury ... LV failure - Low ... #typea #typeb #classification
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... infarction, head injury ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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