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diagnosis hypokalemia algorithm causes hyperkalemia management alkalosis chloride gitelman high hyponatremia hypotonic metabolic pathophysiology physiologic syndrome table treatment urinary
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... EABV, Low Plasma ... #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Na+K / serum Na ... can be high or low ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... sodium is typically ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... lysis) ± Urine ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... K/creatinine (Cr ... correcting serum potassium ... hypokalemia #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into
infarction, head injury ... stimulation of Na*/K+ ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
neuromuscular injury ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification
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