6 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... confusion coma #DiabeticKetoacidosis ... #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Avulsion or shearing injury ... onto lateral hip Signs ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Injury: • Exertional ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... damage (AKI, Liver injury ... Hypoglycemia - Hypocalcemia
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... or papilledema, heart ... or acute kidney injury ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
autoimmune disorders (diabetes ... Prolonged shoulder injury ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... stages #staging #msk
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... anterior/posterior MSK ... , heart (2-5%), ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs