55 results
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... metabolites induce injury ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Positive Lachman test in ACL Injury

Here is an exam of a patient under anesthesia with an
Lachman test in ACL Injury ... That causes the ... test #ACL #Knee #Injury ... #PhysicalExam #Sports
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
syndrome, Electrical injury ... exhaustion, Heat iniury ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... extracellular fluid into injured ... Management #Summary #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... K-ATPase which imports ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Low Ankle Sprain: Pathomechanics and Clinical Findings

Grading Ligament Sprains
l: Minimal ligament disruption, mild swelling & tenderness,
most commonly injured ... (uncommonly injured ... PTFL is rarely injured ... LowAnkleSprain #Sports ... Grades #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Traumatic brain injury ... epilepticus • Pathophysiology ... nervous system injury ... The predominant pathophysiologic ... • Pathophysiology
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... hypotension) DKA: Short
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
Well-localized, sharp, short ... • Spinal injury ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
RICE: Mechanism of Action
Rest (weight bearing or stressful motion discontinued)
Ice (applied to injury)
Compression (wrap applied to
Ice (applied to injury ... wrap applied to injured ... heart) #RICE #Sports ... #pathophysiology