260 results
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... intracellularly: • Insulin ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... Hyperkalemia #management #potassium
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
gluconate Shifters: • Insulin ... Management #Treatment #Potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
K+ into cells: Insulin ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Diabetic Ketoacidosis 
Management Priorities
1. Fluids 
2. Insulin 
3. Potassium 
4. Acidosis 
5. Re-establish oral fluids,
Insulin 3. ... Potassium 4. ... subcutaneous insulin
Sulfonylureas - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Binds to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in pancreatic beta cells,
ATP-sensitive potassium ... cells, triggering insulin
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
extracellular potassium ... ß-Blockade - Insulin ... load - Potassium ... foods - IV potassium ... - Potassium-containing
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Redistribution - Insulin ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium
Acute Hyperkalemia Management
 • Membrane Stabilization: Calcium Gluconate (10%), Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline
 • Shifters: Insulin
Saline • Shifters: Insulin ... Management #treatment #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
calcium • IV insulin ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... #hyperkalemia #potassium
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
cells - Combo of insulin ... reduction • Insulin ... units regular insulin ... treatment Remove potassium