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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia high metabolic algorithm alkalosis aniongap comparison dm2 effects endocrinology k lactated lr management metformin nongap normal ns
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... shift • Saline Causes ... decreased renal blood flow ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary Mechanisms of Action: • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... • Increases insulin-mediated ... hypoglycemia • Low ... causing lactic acidosis ... #Summary #DM2 #diabetes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
transfusions), ↓insulin ... only if no clear cause ... ) • Low K diet ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
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