23 results
Pathophysiology and Effects of Insulin Deficiency

#Insulin #Deficiency #DKA #Ketoacidosis #Diabetes #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
and Effects of Insulin ... Deficiency #Insulin ... #Deficiency #DKA ... Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
Pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis - Insulin deficiency or severe insulin insensitivity 

#DKA #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology #Diabetes #Ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis - Insulin ... deficiency or severe insulin ... insensitivity #DKA ... Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... HHS) Absolute Insulin ... Type I DM: No insulin ... Polydipsia #dka ... pathophysiology #comparison #endocrinology
DKA vs HHS
 - Think of DKA and HHS on a spectrum of hyperglycemic emergencies
 -
DKA vs HHS - Think ... of DKA and HHS ... emergencies - HHS = insulin ... restart any home insulin ... laboratory #diagnosis #endocrinology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... ) DKA is a result ... Insulin is the primary ... In DKA, the normal ... #Diabetes #Endocrinology
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 •
• Increased insulin ... and surgery) • Insulin ... serum or urine Treatment ... Consideration of insulin ... SGLT2 #Euglycemic #DKA
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
produce endogenous insulin ... ketoacidosis (DKA ... caused by complete insulin ... HHS) - partial insulin ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
Patients with DKA ... Continue insulin ... and subcutaneous insulin ... Treatment with IV ... #DKA #EDKA #Insulin
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
gluconate Shifters: • Insulin ... Hyperkalemia #Management #Treatment ... #Potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... intracellularly: • Insulin ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium