64 results
Causes of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... or insufficient intake ... (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal ... , insufficient intake ... rarely the sole cause
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
- Massive PO intake ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Decreased GI Uptake ... - Poor dietary intake ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor Intake ... Low #Potassium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... relative solute intake ... Excessive Free water intake ... polydipsia), Low solute intake ... differential #diagnosis #table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
losses, poor PO intake ... findings based on cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #table
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
-> Disc less able ... to take up water ... complications #msk
Ulcerative Colitis vs Crohn's Disease - IBD Comparison Table
Ulcerative Collitis
 - Location
IBD Comparison Table ... ileum • Most cases ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... IBD #Comparison #Table
Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
process fracture Stable ... fractures: Don't cause ... deficit, still able ... complex (PLC) 0 Intact ... status 0 Intact
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
arrest where other causes ... chlorhexidine as cause ... as a possible cause ... consider → 3-4 ⓫ Take ... as patient is stable