12 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
(RTA) Type 1 ... of secretion Type ... Bicarbonate wasting Type ... #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Renal tubular acidosis ... (Types 1 and 2, ... but not type 4) ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Causes
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
are listed as Type ... Elevation Type ... Nonhypoxic • Type ... - Alcohol • Type ... #typea #typeb #
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Types - Pathophysiology ... in blood flow caused ... and normal or high ... #Shock #Types #Pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Proximal RTA (type ... (classic) RTA (type ... nephron dysfunction (type
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Metabolic Acidosis ... FE-HCO3 • RTA Type ... Low TTKG • RTA Type ... TTKG • RTA Type ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... AQP-2 gene - Acquired ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Diabetes #Insipidus #Classification ... #Types #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... syndrome (11-ß HSD type ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Metabolic acidosis ... Hypoaldosteronism • Acquired ... Failure • SLE • Type ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Metabolic acidosis ... Hypoaldosteronism • Acquired ... Failure • SLE • Type ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology