15 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... nerve layer -> Flame ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinical Pearls ... • Neurologic symptoms ... a mass as the cause ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... inner retina and flame ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... Clinical manifestations ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
Pathogenesis and clinical ... choroidal bed -> Ischemia ... > Straight but faded ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Pathogenesis and clinical ... retinal edema caused ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Viral replication causes ... - Myocardial ischemia ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... = nonspecific (nausea ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... Maternal Support - Critical
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... • Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
pathogenesis and clinical ... vast majority of cases ... high-resolution ultrasound ... Disease #Signs #Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology