13 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
of the weakened capillary ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Thyroid Eye Signs 
Lid Signs
    Dalrymple’s Sign: Lid Retraction.
    Von
Extra-Ocular Muscle ... Pupillary Signs ... : Jerky pupillary ... #EPONYMS #ENDOCRINOLOGY ... #OPHTHALMOLOGY
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... the optic nerve caused ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Impaired extra-ocular ... nerves -> Afferent pupillary ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
normal: - extra-ocular ... position - pupillary ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
-> crowding of ocular ... damage & blindness Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology