15 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... ischemia and/or ... Puncture, EEG Treatment ... CNS #neurology #rheumatology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Doppler US : halo sign ... GiantCellArteritis #GCA #Rheumatology ... #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... AKI, acute limb ischemia ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology
Eosinophil Disorders Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Peripheral blood eosinophilia/hypereosinophilia uncovered incidentally during medical evaluation or
Disorders Testing Algorithm ... for secondary causes ... eosinophilia (common causes ... glucocorticoid treatment ... organ-specific signs
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Diagnostic Criteria:
 • Elevated hemoglobin and/or hematocrit AND
 •
present, symptoms, signs ... , and complications ... • Treatment is ... • Treatment algorithms ... #hematology
Treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1st Line Strategy - GC 0.7 mg/kg/day, except for:
 • Aortitis
Treatment of giant ... mg/kg/day • Ischemic ... complications - ... MTX or TCZ in case ... #Indications #rheumatology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
retinal edema caused ... by ischemia results ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology