46 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
re-vascularize the ischemic ... Localized retinal ischemia ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Uveitis - Definition, Causes and SUN Classification

Inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina and/or choroid
Incidence
inhabitants 3rd leading cause ... glaucoma and retinal ischemia ... Causes of uveitis ... TerrierBen #Uveitis #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Optic Neuritis • Ischemic ... dissociation) • Pharmacologic ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
a mass as the cause ... Cannot Abduct • Ischemia ... unreactive pupil • Ischemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
Arrythmias, Peripheral ischemia ... effects: Peripheral ischemia ... Arrhythmias, Peripheral ischemia ... Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... comparison #table #pharmacology
Transient Monocular Vision loss - Differential Diagnosis
Ischemia	
 - Large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection).
  -
Differential Diagnosis Ischemia ... disease (anterior ischemic ... Caused by decreased ... Ocular causes - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... number of pain crises ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
cause quadriplegia ... Maternal viremia causes ... leading to organ ischemia ... > Inflammation causes ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... Ophthalmoplegic migraine, Ischemic ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology