39 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... re-vascularize the ischemic ... causes upregulation ... #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
• Neurologic symptoms ... a mass as the cause ... • Diabetes Mellitus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #SideEffects #Psychiatry ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #SideEffects #Psychiatry ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
frequent urination (diabetes ... Sores, scars, calluses ... inducing vomiting #BulimiaNervosa ... #pathophysiology ... #psychiatry
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... Definition: acute ischemic ... the optic nerve caused ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... patients with diabetes ... Key signs/symptoms
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
Pathogenesis and Symptoms ... is thought to cause ... is thought to cause ... Schizophrenia #pathophysiology ... #signs #psychiatry