14 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... re-vascularize the ischemic ... causes upregulation ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary ... Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Causes include: ... level <100 pg/ml EKG ... • Negative for ischemic
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... ischemia and/or ... Lumbar Puncture, EEG
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
hypoxia) - Low PaO2 ISCHEMIC ... stagnant hypoxia (e.g ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
mm is needed to cause ... hypertension (e.g ... - Myocardial ischemia ... - Pulmonary edema ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #CriticalCare
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical ... leading to increased pulmonary ... consistent with pulmonary ... objective assessment“ (e.g ... Diagnosis #Management #CriticalCare
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
, - regional ischemia ... of lactate as a clinical ... a multitude of clinical ... - regional ischemia ... output - Acute pulmonary
Clinical Management for Three Common Causes of Shock 
HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK
 • Ensure adequate ventilation and oxygenation.
Clinical Management ... for Three Common Causes ... when possible (eg ... pressure (PEEP) for pulmonary ... Shock #Management #CriticalCare
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Pathogenesis and clinical ... retinal edema caused ... by ischemia results ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology