29 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Pathogenesis and clinical ... re-vascularize the ischemic ... significant retinal ischemia ... Localized retinal ischemia ... causes upregulation
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology ... #Algorithm #Causes
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical ... autoantibodies that will cause ... ischemia and/or ... permeability Diagnosis ... cyclophosphamide • Ischemic
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Algorithm Clinical ... Cannot Abduct • Ischemia ... unreactive pupil • Ischemia ... looking medially • Ischemia ... #Ophthalmology
Portal Vein Thrombosis (PVT) Treatment Algorithm
 - If concern for ischemic: anti-coag+multidisciplinary care
 - W/o cirrhosis+recent
If concern for ischemic ... multidisciplinary care - W/o cirrhosis ... anti-thrombotic tx - Cirrhosis ... : case-by-cased ... management #Algorithm #hepatology
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... Diplopia TIER 1-CRITICAL ... Ophthalmoplegic migraine, Ischemic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... fluffy white ischemic ... Elschnig's Spots • Ischemia ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Definition: acute ischemic ... Clinical manifestations ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
, - regional ischemia ... - regional ischemia ... before beginning treatment ... output - Acute pulmonary ... - Mesenteric ischemia
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
EGPA) • Digital ischemia ... Goodpasture's cause ... hematuria, RBC casts ... #differential #diagnosis ... #management #treatment