26 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
> 50x normal - Ischemic ... 5-10x normal - Chronic ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... Viral Hepatitis, Ischemic ... Liver #Injury #hepatology
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
liver disease (cirrhosis ... or chronic hepatitis ... Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
Causes of Biliary ... sludge), Mirizzi's syndrome ... Inflammatory: Chronic ... Parasitic infection, Ischaemic ... differential #diagnosis #hepatology
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... heart failure (chronic ... disease (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... #Differential #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
• NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... • Chronic Viral ... liver injury) • Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Drugs, Viral, Ischemia ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
non-essential drug/HDS treatments ... disease, Hepatic ischaemia ... Benign/malignant biliary ... e.g. ascites), Chronic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Chronic Abdominal Pain Causes - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Many patients with chronic abdominal pain have had prior
changes • Urinary symptoms ... causes RUQ: • Biliary ... • Functional biliary ... mesenteric ischemia ... • Mesenteric ischemia
Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Differential Diagnosis
High albumin gradient (>1.1 g/dl):
 - Cirrhosis	
 - Alcoholic
>1.1 g/dl): - Cirrhosis ... Tuberculosis - Biliary ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... associated with bowel ischemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology