34 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
> 50x normal - Ischemic ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... Viral Hepatitis, Ischemic ... Liver #Injury #hepatology
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
Liver Injury - Ichemic ... hepatitis - Acute biliary ... Hemochromatosis - Primary biliary ... Acute #Causes #Differential ... #Hepatology #Diagnosis
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
Dilatation - Differential ... sludge), Mirizzi's syndrome ... Parasitic infection, Ischaemic ... Dilatation #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hepatology
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
Ascites - Differential ... liver disease (cirrhosis ... Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary ... #Diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Liver Enzymes - Differential ... Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... congenital - Primary biliary ... disease (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Hepatology #Cirrhosis
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... Late Budd-Chiari syndrome ... SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... albumin #gradient #hepatology ... #differential #
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
Tests (LFTs) - Differential ... • NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... liver injury) • Ischemic ... #Tests #LFTs #Differential ... #Diagnosis #hepatology
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Function Tests - Differential ... Drugs, Viral, Ischemia ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Hepatomegaly - Differential ... • Budd-Chiari Syndrome ... Cholangitis • Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis #Hepatomegaly ... Algorithm #Causes #Hepatology