31 results
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
> 50x normal - Ischemic ... 5-10x normal - Chronic ... AST:ALT = 1 - Ischemia ... , Ischemic Necrosis ... Liver #Injury #hepatology
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
Liver Injury - Ichemic ... hepatitis - Acute ... - Autoimmune hepatitis ... - Wilson disease ... #Differential #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
Cirrhosis • Chronic ... Viral Hepatitis ... • Acute Viral Hepatitis ... liver injury) • Ischemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Inflammation - Hepatitis ... 15 percent) - Hepatitis ... heart failure (chronic ... (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... #Differential #Hepatology
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
liver disease ( ... cirrhosis or chronic ... hepatitis) - 80% ... Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Transaminases / Transaminitis - Differential Diagnosis

 • Infectious: HAV, HCV, HEV, EBV, HSV, CMV
 •
Metabolic: Wilson Disease ... • Autoimmune hepatitis ... See Updated Schema ... Transaminases #hepatitis ... Diagnosis #causes #hepatology
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
cyst, Caroli's disease ... sludge), Mirizzi's syndrome ... Inflammatory: Chronic ... Parasitic infection, Ischaemic ... differential #diagnosis #hepatology
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Clinical Guidelines

ACLF = possibly reversible condition in those with CLD (± cirrhosis)
Acute-on-Chronic ... underlying liver disease ... (DILI) Viral Hepatitis ... #ACLF #Acute #Chronic ... Failure #Cirrhosis #Hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Drugs/Toxins • Ischemia ... • Cholestatic disease ... • Alcoholic hepatitis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
Alcohol-related liver disease ... , Hepatic ischaemia ... e.g. ascites), Chronic ... hepatitis fibrosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology