8 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Fistula • Post-procedural ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... /Bladder (Upper ... and Lower urinary
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus, Urethral ... Palsy, Neurogenic Bladder ... #Causes #Peds #
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... pressure raise the bladder ... #Urinary #Incontinence ... #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cancer • Urethral ... • Posterior Urethral ... #Causes #Urology
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Incontinence - Failure of urethral ... medications • Bladder ... Obstruction #Urinary
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Postrenal: • Ureteral ... • Neurogenic bladder ... • Urinary tract
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... early (distal urethra ... throughout (upper urinary ... tract), terminal (bladder
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)

Functional obstruction may be caused by detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), either at the level
Bladder outlet obstruction ... enlargement (BPH) or urethral ... BOO include urethral ... alternative radiologic procedures ... Lowerurinaryobstruction, #Benignprostaticobstruction