202 results
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
wave - due to atrial ... - due to right atrial ... • c wave - caused ... y descent - is caused ... Jugular #Waveforms #JVP
Atrial Fibrillation - Diagnosis, Causes, Presentations
Causes (PIRATES):
 - Pulmonary embolism 
 - Ischemia (cardiac) 
 -
Atrial Fibrillation ... - Diagnosis, Causes ... Presentations Causes ... (PIRATES): - Pulmonary ... AFib #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Arterial Hypertension ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Pulmonary
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
venous pressure (CVP ... pressures (RA, RV) ● Pulmonary ... (PAp) ● Pulmonary ... ]/CO) ● Pulmonary ... = [mean PAp – CVP
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
Absent a wave - Atrial ... Flutter waves - Atrial ... stenosis, right atrial ... myxoma, pulmonary ... Jugular #Waveforms #JVP
Right Heart Cath - Normal Cardiac Pressures

Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) or Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
 •
Pressures Right Atrial ... Venous Pressure (CVP ... mmHg (Diastolic) Pulmonary ... Diastolic) Left Atrial ... Pressure or Pulmonary
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
with caution in pulmonary ... Treat underlying cause ... with caution in pulmonary ... Treat underlying cause ... Tachycardia #Treatment #management
Hyperacute Hypoxemia - Workup and Management
Differential Diagnosis: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
Hypoxemia - Workup and Management ... Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary ... Bronchospasm, Pulmonary ... , Volume Exam (JVP ... CXR, CTA Chest, Echocardiogram
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... hypertension Management ... #Multifocal #Atrial ... Diagnosis #ECG #EKG #Management
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... Echocardiography, Arterial ... heart defect - Pulmonary ... diseases - Pulmonary ... Central #Cardiology #Causes